2016 County-level Study Community Data Profiles and Indicators

*comparable to 2011 CLS profiles

General Health

Fair or poor general health status

Derived from "fair" or "poor" response to the following question:
Would you say that in general your health is excellent, very good, good, fair or poor?

Activity limitation

Derived from "yes" response to the following question:
Are you limited in any way in any activities because of physical, mental, or emotional problems?

Access to Care and Preventive Practices

No health care coverage – Ages 18-64

Derived from "no" response from respondents age 18-64 to the following question:
Do you have any kind of health care coverage, including health insurance, prepaid plans such as HMOs, or government plans such as Medicare?

Did not get medical care because of cost- Among those who delayed or did not get needed medical care in the past 12 months

Derived from "yes" response to the following question:
Was there a time in the past 12 months when you needed to see a doctor but could not because of cost?
(For respondents who answered yes to the question: Was there a time in the past 12 months when you needed to see a doctor but could not because of cost?
OR
Respondents who answered unable to get a doctor’s appointment soon enough, could not find a doctor that would see you, could not take off work, did not have transportation, or other to the following question: Have you delayed getting needed medical care for any of the following reasons in the past 12 months?)

Last routine physical checkup more than 2 years ago

Answered more than 2 years to the question:
About how long has it been since you last visited a doctor for a routine checkup?

No dental care coverage

Derived from “no” response to the question:
Do you have any kind of insurance coverage that pays for some or all of your routine dental care, including dental insurance, prepaid plans such as HMO’s or government plans such as Medicaid?

Needed to see a dentist in past 12 months but could not due to cost

Derived from "yes" response to the question:
Was there a time in the past 12 months when you needed to see a dentist but could not due to cost?

Last visited a dentist more than 2 years ago

Answered more than 2 year to the question:
How long has it been since you last visited a dentist or a dental clinic for any reason?

Health Behaviors

Binge alcohol drinking

Derived from the following question:
Considering all types of alcoholic beverages, how many times during the past 30 days did you have drinks on an occasion? Binge Drinking is defined as 5 or more drinks on an occasion for men and 4 or more drinks for women.

Heavy alcohol drinking

Derived from the following two questions:
During the past 30 days, how many days per week or per month did you have at least one drink of any alcoholic beverage such as beer, wine, a malt beverage or liquor?
AND
One drink is equivalent to a 12-ounce beer, a 5-ounce glass of wine, or a drink with one shot of liquor. During the past 30 days, on the days when you drank, about how many drinks did you drink on the average?” Heavy drinking is defined as having more than two drinks per day for men and more than one drink per day for women.

Current cigarette smoking

Derived from "yes" response to the following question:
Have you smoked at least 100 cigarettes in your entire life?
AND
"Everyday" or "some days" response to the following question:
Do you now smoke cigarettes every day, some days, or not at all?

Current cigarette smokers who made a quit attempt in past year

Derived from "yes" response to the following question:
Have you smoked at least 100 cigarettes in your entire life?
AND
"Everyday" or "some days" response to the following question:
Do you now smoke cigarettes every day, some days, or not at all?
AND
"yes" response to the following question:
During the past 12 months, have you stopped smoking for one day or longer because you were trying to quit smoking?

Current electronic cigarette use (vaping)

Derived from "yes" response to the following question:
Have you ever used an E-cigarette or other electronic vaping product, even just once?
AND
"Everyday" or "some days" response to the following question:
Do you currently use e-cigarettes or other electronic vaping products every day, some days, or not at all?

Current smokeless tobacco use

Derived from "yes" response to the following question:
Have you ever used or tried any smokeless tobacco products such as chewing tobacco or snuff?
AND
"Everyday" or "some days" response to the following question:
Do you currently use chewing tobacco or snuff every day, some days, or not at all?

Inadequate sleep

Computed answer for less than 7 hours to the following question:
On average, how many hours of sleep do you get in a 24-hour period?

No leisure time physical activity

Derived from "no" response to the following question:
During the past 30 days, other than your regular job, did you participate in any physical activities or exercise such as running, calisthenics, golf, gardening, or walking for exercise?

Inadequate fruits and vegetables consumption (<5 times per day)

Derived from the question:
During the past month, how many times per day, week or month did you:

  • Drink 100% PURE fruit juices?
  • Eat fruit?
  • Eat cooked or canned beans?
  • Eat dark green vegetables?
  • Eat orange-colored vegetables?
  • Eat other vegetables?

Chronic Conditions and Diseases

Ever been told had arthritis

Derived from "yes" response to the following question:
Have you ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that you have some form of arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, lupus, or fibromyalgia?

Current asthma

Derived from "yes" responses to the following questions:
Have you ever been told by a doctor, nurse, or other health professional that you had asthma?
AND
Do you still have asthma?

Ever been told had cancer

Derived from "yes" response to the following question:
Have you ever been told by a doctor, nurse or other health professional that you had cancer?

Ever been told had COPD, emphysema or chronic bronchitis

Derived from "yes" response to the following question:
Have you ever been told by a doctor, nurse or other health professional that you have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD, emphysema or chronic bronchitis?

Had high cholesterol – Among age 18 and older who have had cholesterol checked

Derived from "yes" responses from respondents age ≥ 18 to the following questions:
Blood cholesterol is a fatty substance found in the blood. Have you ever had your blood cholesterol checked?
AND
Have you ever been told by a doctor, nurse, or other health professional that your blood cholesterol is high?

Had high cholesterol – Among age 35 and older who have had cholesterol checked

Derived from "yes" responses from respondents age ≥ 35 to the following questions:
Blood cholesterol is a fatty substance found in the blood. Have you ever had your blood cholesterol checked?
AND
Have you ever been told by a doctor, nurse, or other health professional that your blood cholesterol is high?

Ever been told had a depressive disorder

Derived from "yes" response to the following question:
Has a doctor, nurse or other health professional ever said that you have a depressive disorder, including depression, major depression, dysthymia, or minor depression?

Ever been told had pre-diabetes

Derived from "yes" to the following question:
Has a doctor or other health professional ever told you have pre-diabetes or borderline diabetes?

Ever been told had diabetes

Derived from "yes" response to the following question:
Have you ever been told by a doctor that you have diabetes? (Females who responded "yes" to having been told they had diabetes only when pregnant and those that were told they had pre-diabetes or were borderline diabetes are not included as having diabetes.)

Vision Impairment

Derived from "yes" to the following question:
Are you blind or do you have serious difficulty seeing, even when wearing glasses?

Ever been told had high blood pressure

Derived from "yes" response to the following question:
Have you ever been told by a doctor, nurse, or other health professional that you have high blood pressure? (Females who responded "yes" to having been told had HBP only when pregnant are not included as having HBP.)

Ever been told had coronary heart disease

Derived from "yes" response to the question:
Have you ever been told by a doctor, nurse or other health professional that you had angina or coronary heart disease?

Ever been told had heart attack

Derived from "yes" response to the question:
Have you ever been told by a doctor, nurse or other health professional that you had a heart attack also called a myocardial infarction?

Ever been told had stroke

Derived from "yes" to the following question:
Has a doctor, nurse or other health professional ever told you had stroke?

Ever been told had kidney disease

Derived from "yes" to the following question:
Has a doctor, nurse or other health professional ever told that you have kidney disease? Do not include kidney stones, bladder infection or incontinence.

Overweight (25.0 - 29.9 BMI)

Derived by calculating BMI using responses the following questions:
About how much do you weigh without shoes?
AND
About how tall are you without shoes?

Obese (BMI > 30)

Derived by calculating BMI using responses the following questions:
About how much do you weigh without shoes?
AND
About how tall are you without shoes?

Screening

No test for high blood sugar or diabetes within the past three years among adults age ≥ 45

Derived from "no" response to the following question:
Have you had a test for high blood sugar or diabetes within the past three years?

No mammogram within past two years among women age ≥ 40

Derived from responses from women age 40 and older to the following two questions:
Have you ever had a mammogram?
AND
How long has it been since you had your last mammogram?

No mammogram within past two years among women age ≥ 50

Derived from response from women age 50 and older to the following two questions:
Have you ever had a mammogram?
AND
How long has it been since you had your last mammogram?

No mammogram within past two years among women age 50-74

Derived from response from women age 50-74 to the following two questions:
Have you ever had a mammogram?
AND
How long has it been since you had your last mammogram?

No Pap test within past three years among women age ≥18

Derived from response from women age 18 and older to the following question:
How long has it been since you had your last Pap test?

Never had sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy among adults age ≥50

Derived from "no" response from men and women age 50 and older to the following question:
Sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy are exams in which a tube is inserted in the rectum to view the bowel for signs of cancer or other health problems. Have you ever had either of these exams?

No colonoscopy within last 10 years or sigmoidoscopy within last 5 years among adults age ≥ 50

Derived from responses from following three questions:
Sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy are exams in which a tube is inserted in the rectum to view the colon for signs of cancer or other health problems. Have you ever had either of these exams?
AND
For a SIGMOIDOSCOPY, a flexible tube is inserted into the rectum to look for problems. A COLONOSCOPY is similar, but uses a longer tube, and you are usually given medication through a needle in your arm to make you sleepy and told to have someone else drive you home after the test. Was your MOST RECENT exam a sigmoidoscopy or a colonoscopy?
AND
How long has it been since you had your last sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy?

Immunization

No flu vaccine in past 12 months among adults age ≥ 18

Derived from "no" response to the following question:
During the past 12 months, have you had either a flu shot or a flu vaccine that was sprayed in your nose?

Never had a pneumonia vaccination among adults age ≥ 65

Derived from "yes" response among adults age 65 or older to the following question:
A pneumonia shot or pneumococcal vaccine is usually given only once or twice in a person’s lifetime and is different from the flu shot. Have you ever had a pneumonia shot?

Policy and Environment

Exposed to secondhand smoke at work during past week among those who work indoors

Derived from "no" responses to the following questions:
While working at your job, are you indoors most of the time?
AND
As far as you know, in the past seven days, has anyone smoked in your work area?

Would support a change in Missouri law that would make all indoor workplaces smoke-free

Derived from "yes" response to the following question:
Missouri state law allows designated smoking areas in restaurants and other public places. Would you support a change in the state law that would make all workplaces smoke-free by prohibiting smoking in all indoor workplaces, including restaurants, bars and casinos?

Support a local law making all indoor workplaces smoke free

Derived from "yes" response to the following question:
Some cities and towns are considering laws that would make workplaces smoke-free by prohibiting smoking in all indoor workplaces, including restaurants, bars and casinos. Would you support such a law in your community?

Have roads and streets with shoulders or marked lanes for bicycling in their community

Derived from "yes" response to the following question:
Do roads and streets in your community have shoulders or marked lanes for bicycling?

Have sidewalks in their neighborhood

Derived from "yes" response to the following question:
Does your neighborhood have any sidewalks?

Consider neighborhood to be extremely or quite safe

Derived from “extremely safe” or “quite safe” response to the following question:
How safe from crime do you consider your neighborhood to be? Would you say extremely safe, quite safe, slightly safe, or not at all safe?

Strongly agree or agree that it is easy to purchase healthy food in neighborhood

Derived from “strongly agree” or “agree” response to the following question:
To what degree would you agree with the statement: It is easy to purchase healthy foods in my neighborhood such as whole grain foods, low fat options, and fruits and vegetables? Would you strongly agree, agree, neither agree nor disagree, disagree, or strongly disagree?

Health Literacy

Easy or somewhat easy to get advice or information about health or medical topics

Derived from “very easy” or “somewhat easy” responses to the following question:
How difficult is it for you to get advice or information about health or medical topics if you need it? Would you say it is…

Easy or somewhat easy to understand information from doctors or other health professionals

Derived from “very easy” or “somewhat easy” responses to the following question:
How difficult is it for you to understand information that doctors, nurses and other health professionals tell you? Would you say it is…

Easy to understand written information about health

Derived from “very easy” or “somewhat easy” responses to the following question:
You can find written information about health on the Internet, in newspapers and magazines, and in brochures in the doctor’s office and clinic. In general, how difficult is it for you to understand written health information? Would you say it is …