Bridgeton Landfill Air Monitoring

Follow-Up Review of Air Monitoring Data

Follow-Up Review of Air Sampling Data

Follow-Up Review of Air Monitoring Data

October 31 - November 4

The Department of Health and Senior Services (DHSS) has reviewed air quality screening data collected by the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) at Bridgeton Landfill from the afternoon of October 31 to the afternoon of November 4, 2013. On June 7, DHSS began issuing follow-up reviews of the daily air quality screening data on a twice-weekly basis.

On April 23, DNR began routine, twice daily, surveillance of hydrogen sulfide, benzene, and odor levels around the entire periphery of the landfill. In addition, DNR has provided continuous monitoring of reduced sulfur compounds (reported as hydrogen sulfide), sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and total volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at three fixed locations. DHSS has reviewed both sets of data to identify potential public health concerns for short-term health effects. Generally, samples are collected near the property boundary and dispersion is expected to reduce exposure downwind of the sample locations.

Odors

DNR reported light odors at locations north and northeast of the landfill and light, moderate, and strong odors at locations east, southeast, and south of the landfill during this time period.

  • Winds were predominantly from the southwest on October 31, west on November 1, west and northwest on November 2, and south and southeast on November 3 and November 4.
  • DNR detected light odors north and northeast of the landfill on October 31; light, moderate, and strong odors east, southeast, and south of the landfill on November 1; light odors north and southeast of the landfill on November 2; and light odors north of the landfill on November 3 and November 4. Odors were monitored using a Nasal Ranger olfactometer.
  • DHSS continues to recommend that during periods of objectionable odor, sensitive individuals should stay indoors as much as possible, avoid outdoor exercise, and seek medical advice for any acute symptoms. Symptoms associated with exposure to strong odors include headache, nausea, and fatigue. Symptoms generally associated with strong odors typically disappear once the odors dissipate.
Hydrogen Sulfide and Other Reduced Sulfur Compounds

Average hydrogen sulfide concentrations were well below levels of public health concern.

  • The maximum concentration of hydrogen sulfide detected was 3.7 parts per billion (ppb) during routine monitoring. Hydrogen sulfide concentrations were detected by the Jerome meter, which is highly sensitive and specific to hydrogen sulfide.
  • For two hours on November 2 and seven hours on November 3 at the monitoring location east of the landfill, the average concentration of reduced sulfur compounds exceeded a health-based guideline for acute exposure to hydrogen sulfide. However, these compounds detected by AreaRAE monitors are not just hydrogen sulfide but primarily another reduced sulfur compound with lower toxicity.
Sulfur Dioxide

Average sulfur dioxide concentrations were below levels of public health concern.

  • Sulfur dioxide was briefly detected at the monitoring locations south and east of the landfill. However, the average concentrations of sulfur dioxide were less than 0.01 parts per million (ppm) and did not exceed health-based guidelines for acute exposure.
Benzene and Total VOCs

Benzene was not detected in ambient air at any of the surveillance locations around the landfill during this time period.

  • Previous sampling has shown that, while several VOCs are present in the landfill source gas, benzene may be a primary VOC of public health concern. However, benzene was not detected during routine monitoring around the perimeter of the landfill.
  • For nine hours on October 31, twelve hours on November 1, and nine hours on November 2 at the monitoring location east of the landfill, average total VOC concentrations exceeded a level that indicates the need for compound-specific sampling
  • Average total VOC concentrations periodically exceeded levels that indicate a need for compound-specific sampling at the monitoring location south of the landfill. However, these elevated concentrations were not verified by other AreaRAE monitors stationed in the same location.
  • DNR is performing VOC compound-specific sampling in locations upwind and downwind of the landfill on a routine basis. The laboratory results are submitted for DHSS review of public health concerns.
Carbon Monoxide

Average carbon monoxide concentrations were well below levels of public health concern.

Radiation Rates

Gamma radiation rates were well below levels of public health concern.

  • Gamma radiation rates continue to be at levels that are at or near natural background levels.

October 28 - 31

The Department of Health and Senior Services (DHSS) has reviewed air quality screening data collected by the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) at Bridgeton Landfill from the afternoon of October 28 to the afternoon of October 31, 2013. On June 7, DHSS began issuing follow-up reviews of the daily air quality screening data on a twice-weekly basis.

On April 23, DNR began routine, twice daily, surveillance of hydrogen sulfide, benzene, and odor levels around the entire periphery of the landfill. In addition, DNR has provided continuous monitoring of reduced sulfur compounds (reported as hydrogen sulfide), sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and total volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at three fixed locations. DHSS has reviewed both sets of data to identify potential public health concerns for short-term health effects. Generally, samples are collected near the property boundary and dispersion is expected to reduce exposure downwind of the sample locations.

Odors

DNR reported light to moderate odors during this time period at locations north of the landfill.

  • Winds were predominantly from the south.
  • DNR detected light odors north of the landfill on October 28, October 29, October 30, and October 31. Light to moderate odors were also detected north of the landfill on October 29. Odors were monitored using a Nasal Ranger olfactometer.
  • DHSS continues to recommend that during periods of objectionable odor, sensitive individuals should stay indoors as much as possible, avoid outdoor exercise, and seek medical advice for any acute symptoms. Symptoms associated with exposure to strong odors include headache, nausea, and fatigue. Symptoms generally associated with strong odors typically disappear once the odors dissipate.
Hydrogen Sulfide and Other Reduced Sulfur Compounds

Average hydrogen sulfide concentrations were well below levels of public health concern.

  • The maximum concentration of hydrogen sulfide detected was 5.9 parts per billion (ppb) during routine monitoring. Hydrogen sulfide concentrations were detected by the Jerome meter, which is highly sensitive and specific to hydrogen sulfide.
  • For five hours on October 28 and one hour on October 30 at the monitoring location west of the landfill, the average concentration of reduced sulfur compounds exceeded a health-based guideline for acute exposure to hydrogen sulfide. However, these compounds detected by AreaRAE monitors are not just hydrogen sulfide but primarily another reduced sulfur compound with lower toxicity.
Sulfur Dioxide

Average sulfur dioxide concentrations were below levels of public health concern.

  • Sulfur dioxide was briefly detected at the monitoring location west of the landfill. However, the average concentrations of sulfur dioxide were less than 0.01 parts per million (ppm) and did not exceed health-based guidelines for acute exposure.
Benzene and Total VOCs

Benzene was not detected in ambient air at any of the surveillance locations around the landfill during this time period.

  • Previous sampling has shown that, while several VOCs are present in the landfill source gas, benzene may be a primary VOC of public health concern. However, benzene was not detected during routine monitoring around the perimeter of the landfill.
  • For nine hours on October 31 at the monitoring location east of the landfill, average total VOC concentrations exceeded a level that indicates the need for compound-specific sampling
  • Average total VOC concentrations periodically exceeded levels that indicate a need for compound-specific sampling at the monitoring locations west and south of the landfill. However, these elevated concentrations were not verified by other AreaRAE monitors stationed in the same locations..
  • DNR is performing VOC compound-specific sampling in locations upwind and downwind of the landfill on a routine basis. The laboratory results are submitted for DHSS review of public health concerns.
Carbon Monoxide

Average carbon monoxide concentrations were well below levels of public health concern.

Radiation Rates

Gamma radiation rates were well below levels of public health concern.

  • Gamma radiation rates continue to be at levels that are at or near natural background levels.

October 24 - 28

The Department of Health and Senior Services (DHSS) has reviewed air quality screening data collected by the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) at Bridgeton Landfill from the afternoon of October 24 to the afternoon of October 28, 2013. On June 7, DHSS began issuing follow-up reviews of the daily air quality screening data on a twice-weekly basis.

On April 23, DNR began routine, twice daily, surveillance of hydrogen sulfide, benzene, and odor levels around the entire periphery of the landfill. In addition, DNR has provided continuous monitoring of reduced sulfur compounds (reported as hydrogen sulfide), sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and total volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at three fixed locations. DHSS has reviewed both sets of data to identify potential public health concerns for short-term health effects. Generally, samples are collected near the property boundary and dispersion is expected to reduce exposure downwind of the sample locations.
Odors

DNR reported light and moderate odors during this time period at locations north, northeast, east, southeast, south, and southwest of the landfill.

  • Winds were predominantly from the west and northwest on October 24; south and southwest on October 25; south, west, and northwest on October 26; and south and southwest on October 27.
  • DNR detected light odors north, east, and south of the landfill and moderate odors northeast, southeast, and southwest of the landfill on October 24; light odors north and northeast of the landfill and moderate odors east of the landfill on October 25; light odors east, northeast, and southeast of the landfill on October 26; and light odors east and northeast of the landfill on October 27. Odors were monitored using a Nasal Ranger olfactometer.
  • DHSS continues to recommend that during periods of objectionable odor, sensitive individuals should stay indoors as much as possible, avoid outdoor exercise, and seek medical advice for any acute symptoms. Symptoms associated with exposure to strong odors include headache, nausea, and fatigue. Symptoms generally associated with strong odors typically disappear once the odors dissipate.
Hydrogen Sulfide and Other Reduced Sulfur Compounds

Average hydrogen sulfide concentrations were well below levels of public health concern.

  • The maximum concentration of hydrogen sulfide detected was 7.4 parts per billion (ppb) during routine monitoring. Hydrogen sulfide concentrations were detected by the Jerome meter, which is highly sensitive and specific to hydrogen sulfide.
  • For four hours on October 24, ten hours on October 25, and six hours on October 26 at the monitoring location east of the landfill, the average concentration of reduced sulfur compounds exceeded a health-based guideline for acute exposure to hydrogen sulfide. Also, for two hours on October 28 at the monitoring location west of the landfill, the average concentration of reduced sulfur compounds exceeded a health-based guideline for acute exposure to hydrogen sulfide. However, these compounds detected by AreaRAE monitors are not just hydrogen sulfide but primarily another reduced sulfur compound with lower toxicity.
Sulfur Dioxide

Average sulfur dioxide concentrations were below levels of public health concern, except for a limited time period at one monitoring location.

  • For four hours on October 26 at the monitoring location west of the landfill, the average sulfur dioxide concentration exceeded a health-based guideline for acute exposure. However, an unidentified upwind source unrelated to the landfill as well as a diesel compressor observed near the monitor at that location likely contributed to these elevated readings. While exposure to this concentration of sulfur dioxide may cause irritation or other short-term symptoms, considerable dispersion is expected to reduce potential exposure levels in nearby residential areas.
Benzene and Total VOCs

Benzene was not detected in ambient air at any of the surveillance locations around the landfill during this time period.

  • Previous sampling has shown that, while several VOCs are present in the landfill source gas, benzene may be a primary VOC of public health concern. However, benzene was not detected during routine monitoring around the perimeter of the landfill.
  • For eight hours on October 24, thirteen hours on October 25, and nine hours on October 26 at the monitoring location east of the landfill, average total VOC concentrations exceeded a level that indicates the need for compound-specific sampling
  • Average total VOC concentrations periodically exceeded levels that indicate a need for compound-specific sampling at the monitoring location south of the landfill. However, these elevated concentrations were not verified by another AreaRAE monitor stationed in the same location.
  • DNR is performing VOC compound-specific sampling in locations upwind and downwind of the landfill on a routine basis. The laboratory results are submitted for DHSS review of public health concerns.
Carbon Monoxide

Average carbon monoxide concentrations were well below levels of public health concern.

Radiation Rates

Gamma radiation rates were well below levels of public health concern.

  • Gamma radiation rates continue to be at levels that are at or near natural background levels.

October 21 - 24

The Department of Health and Senior Services (DHSS) has reviewed air quality screening data collected by the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) at Bridgeton Landfill from the afternoon of October 21 to the afternoon of October 24, 2013. On June 7, DHSS began issuing follow-up reviews of the daily air quality screening data on a twice-weekly basis.

On April 23, DNR began routine, twice daily, surveillance of hydrogen sulfide, benzene, and odor levels around the entire periphery of the landfill. In addition, DNR has provided continuous monitoring of reduced sulfur compounds (reported as hydrogen sulfide), sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and total volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at three fixed locations. DHSS has reviewed both sets of data to identify potential public health concerns for short-term health effects. Generally, samples are collected near the property boundary and dispersion is expected to reduce exposure downwind of the sample locations.

Odors

DNR reported light, moderate, and strong odors during this time period at locations north, northeast, east, southeast, south, and southwest of the landfill.

  • Winds were predominantly from the northwest, west, southwest, and south of the landfill.
  • DNR detected light, moderate, and strong odors east and southeast of the landfill and light odors south of the landfill on October 21; light to moderate odors southeast, northeast, and north of the landfill on October 22; and light odors east, southeast, and southwest of the landfill on October 23. Odors were monitored using a Nasal Ranger olfactometer.
  • DHSS continues to recommend that during periods of objectionable odor, sensitive individuals should stay indoors as much as possible, avoid outdoor exercise, and seek medical advice for any acute symptoms. Symptoms associated with exposure to strong odors include headache, nausea, and fatigue. Symptoms generally associated with strong odors typically disappear once the odors dissipate.
Hydrogen Sulfide and Other Reduced Sulfur Compounds

Average hydrogen sulfide concentrations were well below levels of public health concern.

  • The maximum concentration of hydrogen sulfide detected was 4.5 parts per billion (ppb) during routine monitoring. Hydrogen sulfide concentrations were detected by the Jerome meter, which is highly sensitive and specific to hydrogen sulfide.
  • For one hour on October 21, seven hours on October 22, eight hours on October 23, and four hours on October 24 at the monitoring location east of the landfill, the average concentration of reduced sulfur compounds exceeded a health-based guideline for acute exposure to hydrogen sulfide. However, these compounds detected by AreaRAE monitors are not just hydrogen sulfide but primarily another reduced sulfur compound with lower toxicity.
Sulfur Dioxide

Average sulfur dioxide concentrations were below levels of public health concern.

  • Sulfur dioxide was briefly detected at the monitoring locations south and west of the landfill. However, the average concentrations of sulfur dioxide were less than 0.01 parts per million (ppm) and did not exceed health-based guidelines for acute exposure.
Benzene and Total VOCs

Benzene was not detected in ambient air at any of the surveillance locations around the landfill during this time period.

  • Previous sampling has shown that, while several VOCs are present in the landfill source gas, benzene may be a primary VOC of public health concern. However, benzene was not detected during routine monitoring around the perimeter of the landfill.
  • For six hours on October 22, fifteen hour on October 23, and nine hours on October 24 at the monitoring location east of the landfill, average total VOC concentrations exceeded a level that indicates the need for compound-specific sampling
  • Average total VOC concentrations periodically exceeded levels that indicate a need for compound-specific sampling at the monitoring location south of the landfill. However, these elevated concentrations were not verified by another AreaRAE monitor stationed in the same location.
  • DNR is performing VOC compound-specific sampling in locations upwind and downwind of the landfill on a routine basis. The laboratory results are submitted for DHSS review of public health concerns.
Carbon Monoxide

Average carbon monoxide concentrations were well below levels of public health concern.

Radiation Rates

Gamma radiation rates were well below levels of public health concern.

  • Gamma radiation rates continue to be at levels that are at or near natural background levels.

October 17 - 21

The Department of Health and Senior Services (DHSS) has reviewed air quality screening data collected by the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) at Bridgeton Landfill from the afternoon of October 17 to the afternoon of October 21, 2013. On June 7, DHSS began issuing follow-up reviews of the daily air quality screening data on a twice-weekly basis.

On April 23, DNR began routine, twice daily, surveillance of hydrogen sulfide, benzene, and odor levels around the entire periphery of the landfill. In addition, DNR has provided continuous monitoring of reduced sulfur compounds (reported as hydrogen sulfide), sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and total volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at three fixed locations. DHSS has reviewed both sets of data to identify potential public health concerns for short-term health effects. Generally, samples are collected near the property boundary and dispersion is expected to reduce exposure downwind of the sample locations.

Odors

DNR reported light, moderate, and strong odors during this time period at locations north, northeast, east, and southeast of the landfill.

  • Winds were predominantly from the northwest, west, southwest, and south of the landfill.
  • DNR detected light odors northeast of the landfill, moderate odors southeast of the landfill, and strong odors east of the landfill on October 17; moderate to strong odors east and southeast of the landfill on October 18; strong odors northeast and east of the landfill on October 19; and light, moderate, and strong odors north, northeast, and east of the landfill on October 20. Odors were monitored using a Nasal Ranger olfactometer.
  • DHSS continues to recommend that during periods of objectionable odor, sensitive individuals should stay indoors as much as possible, avoid outdoor exercise, and seek medical advice for any acute symptoms. Symptoms associated with exposure to strong odors include headache, nausea, and fatigue. Symptoms generally associated with strong odors typically disappear once the odors dissipate.
Hydrogen Sulfide and Other Reduced Sulfur Compounds

Average hydrogen sulfide concentrations were well below levels of public health concern.

  • The maximum concentration of hydrogen sulfide detected was 5.4 parts per billion (ppb) during routine monitoring. Hydrogen sulfide concentrations were detected by the Jerome meter, which is highly sensitive and specific to hydrogen sulfide.
  • For two hours on October 18, eleven hours on October 19, and three hours on October 20 at the monitoring location east of the landfill, the average concentration of reduced sulfur compounds exceeded a health-based guideline for acute exposure to hydrogen sulfide. However, these compounds detected by AreaRAE monitors are not just hydrogen sulfide but primarily another reduced sulfur compound with lower toxicity.
Sulfur Dioxide

Average sulfur dioxide concentrations were below levels of public health concern.

  • Sulfur dioxide was briefly detected at the monitoring location west of the landfill. However, the average concentrations of sulfur dioxide were less than 0.01 parts per million (ppm) and did not exceed health-based guidelines for acute exposure.
Benzene and Total VOCs

Benzene was not detected in ambient air at any of the surveillance locations around the landfill during this time period.

  • Previous sampling has shown that, while several VOCs are present in the landfill source gas, benzene may be a primary VOC of public health concern. However, benzene was not detected during routine monitoring around the perimeter of the landfill.
  • Average total VOC concentrations periodically exceeded levels that indicate a need for compound-specific sampling at the monitoring locations west and south of the landfill. However, these elevated concentrations were not verified by other AreaRAE monitors stationed in the same locations.
  • DNR is performing VOC compound-specific sampling in locations upwind and downwind of the landfill on a routine basis. The laboratory results are submitted for DHSS review of public health concerns.
Carbon Monoxide

Average carbon monoxide concentrations were well below levels of public health concern.

Radiation Rates

Gamma radiation rates were well below levels of public health concern.

  • Gamma radiation rates continue to be at levels that are at or near natural background levels.

October 14 - 17

The Department of Health and Senior Services (DHSS) has reviewed air quality screening data collected by the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) at Bridgeton Landfill from the afternoon of October 14 to the afternoon of October 17, 2013. On June 7, DHSS began issuing follow-up reviews of the daily air quality screening data on a twice-weekly basis.

On April 23, DNR began routine, twice daily, surveillance of hydrogen sulfide, benzene, and odor levels around the entire periphery of the landfill. In addition, DNR has provided continuous monitoring of reduced sulfur compounds (reported as hydrogen sulfide), sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and total volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at three fixed locations. DHSS has reviewed both sets of data to identify potential public health concerns for short-term health effects. Generally, samples are collected near the property boundary and dispersion is expected to reduce exposure downwind of the sample locations.
Odors

DNR reported light odors during this time period at locations north, northeast, northwest, east, southeast, and south of the landfill.

  • Winds were predominantly from the south, southwest, and west of the landfill.
  • DNR detected light odors north and northwest of the landfill on October 14; east and northeast of the landfill on October 15; and northeast, southeast, and south of the landfill on October 16. Odors were monitored using a Nasal Ranger olfactometer.
  • DHSS continues to recommend that during periods of objectionable odor, sensitive individuals should stay indoors as much as possible, avoid outdoor exercise, and seek medical advice for any acute symptoms. Symptoms associated with exposure to strong odors include headache, nausea, and fatigue. Symptoms generally associated with strong odors typically disappear once the odors dissipate.
Hydrogen Sulfide and Other Reduced Sulfur Compounds

Average hydrogen sulfide concentrations were well below levels of public health concern.

  • The maximum concentration of hydrogen sulfide detected was 5.2 parts per billion (ppb) during routine monitoring. Hydrogen sulfide concentrations were detected by the Jerome meter, which is highly sensitive and specific to hydrogen sulfide.
  • For one hour on October 16 at the monitoring location east of the landfill, the average concentration of reduced sulfur compounds exceeded a health-based guideline for acute exposure to hydrogen sulfide. However, these compounds detected by AreaRAE monitors are not just hydrogen sulfide but primarily another reduced sulfur compound with lower toxicity.
Sulfur Dioxide

Average sulfur dioxide concentrations were below levels of public health concern, except for a limited time period at one monitoring location.

  • For one hour on October 14 at the monitoring location east of the landfill, the average sulfur dioxide concentration exceeded a health-based guideline for acute exposure. However, lawn cutting activities at that location likely contributed to these elevated readings. While exposure to this concentration of sulfur dioxide may cause irritation or other short-term symptoms, considerable dispersion is expected to reduce potential exposure levels in nearby residential areas.
Benzene and Total VOCs

Benzene was not detected in ambient air at any of the surveillance locations around the landfill during this time period.

  • Previous sampling has shown that, while several VOCs are present in the landfill source gas, benzene may be a primary VOC of public health concern. However, benzene was not detected during routine monitoring around the perimeter of the landfill.
  • Average total VOC concentrations periodically exceeded levels that indicate a need for compound-specific sampling. However, these elevated concentrations were not verified by other AreaRAE monitors stationed in the same locations.
  • DNR is performing VOC compound-specific sampling in locations upwind and downwind of the landfill on a routine basis. The laboratory results are submitted for DHSS review of public health concerns.
Carbon Monoxide

Average carbon monoxide concentrations were well below levels of public health concern.

Radiation Rates

Gamma radiation rates were well below levels of public health concern.

  • Gamma radiation rates continue to be at levels that are at or near natural background levels.

October 10 - 14

The Department of Health and Senior Services (DHSS) has reviewed air quality screening data collected by the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) at Bridgeton Landfill from the afternoon of October 10 to the afternoon of October 14, 2013. On June 7, DHSS began issuing follow-up reviews of the daily air quality screening data on a twice-weekly basis.

On April 23, DNR began routine, twice daily, surveillance of hydrogen sulfide, benzene, and odor levels around the entire periphery of the landfill. In addition, DNR has provided continuous monitoring of reduced sulfur compounds (reported as hydrogen sulfide), sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and total volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at three fixed locations. DHSS has reviewed both sets of data to identify potential public health concerns for short-term health effects. Generally, samples are collected near the property boundary and dispersion is expected to reduce exposure downwind of the sample locations.

Odors

DNR reported light and moderate odors during this time period at locations north, northeast, northwest, east, southeast, and south of the landfill.

  • Winds were predominantly from the south, southwest, and west of the landfill until October 14, when winds were predominantly from the east and southeast.
  • DNR detected light odors north, northeast, northwest, and south of the landfill on October 10; north and northwest of the landfill on October 11; and northeast, east, south, and southeast of the landfill on October 12. DNR detected light and moderate odors south of the landfill on October 13. Odors were monitored using a Nasal Ranger olfactometer.
  • DHSS continues to recommend that during periods of objectionable odor, sensitive individuals should stay indoors as much as possible, avoid outdoor exercise, and seek medical advice for any acute symptoms. Symptoms associated with exposure to strong odors include headache, nausea, and fatigue. Symptoms generally associated with strong odors typically disappear once the odors dissipate.
Hydrogen Sulfide and Other Reduced Sulfur Compounds

Average hydrogen sulfide concentrations were well below levels of public health concern.

  • The maximum concentration of hydrogen sulfide detected was 6.8 parts per billion (ppb) during routine monitoring. Hydrogen sulfide concentrations were detected by the Jerome meter, which is highly sensitive and specific to hydrogen sulfide.
  • For two hours on October 10 at the monitoring location west of the landfill, average concentrations of reduced sulfur compounds exceeded a health-based guideline for acute exposure to hydrogen sulfide. However, these compounds detected by AreaRAE monitors are not just hydrogen sulfide but primarily another reduced sulfur compound with lower toxicity.
Sulfur Dioxide

Average sulfur dioxide concentrations were below levels of public health concern.

  • Sulfur dioxide was briefly detected at the monitoring location west of the landfill. However, the average concentrations of sulfur dioxide were less than 0.01 parts per million (ppm) and did not exceed health-based guidelines for acute exposure.
Benzene and Total VOCs

Benzene was not detected in ambient air at any of the surveillance locations around the landfill during this time period.

  • Previous sampling has shown that, while several VOCs are present in the landfill source gas, benzene may be a primary VOC of public health concern. However, benzene was not detected during routine monitoring around the perimeter of the landfill.
  • Average total VOC concentrations periodically exceeded levels that indicate a need for compound-specific sampling. However, these elevated concentrations were not verified by other AreaRAE monitors stationed in the same locations.
  • DNR is performing VOC compound-specific sampling in locations upwind and downwind of the landfill on a routine basis. The laboratory results are submitted for DHSS review of public health concerns.
Carbon Monoxide

Average carbon monoxide concentrations were well below levels of public health concern.

Radiation Rates

Gamma radiation rates were well below levels of public health concern.

  • Gamma radiation rates continue to be at levels that are at or near natural background levels.

October 3 - 7

The Department of Health and Senior Services (DHSS) has reviewed air quality screening data collected by the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) at Bridgeton Landfill from the afternoon of October 3 to the afternoon of October 7, 2013. On June 7, DHSS began issuing follow-up reviews of the daily air quality screening data on a twice-weekly basis.

On April 23, DNR began routine, twice daily, surveillance of hydrogen sulfide, benzene, and odor levels around the entire periphery of the landfill. In addition, DNR has provided continuous monitoring of reduced sulfur compounds (reported as hydrogen sulfide), sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and total volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at three fixed locations. DHSS has reviewed both sets of data to identify potential public health concerns for short-term health effects. Generally, samples are collected near the property boundary and dispersion is expected to reduce exposure downwind of the sample locations.

Odors

DNR reported light and moderate to strong odors during this time period at locations north, northeast, and east of the landfill.

  • Winds were predominantly from the south, southwest, and west during this time period.
  • DNR detected light to moderate odors north, northeast, and east of the landfill on October 3 and 4; light and moderate to strong odors north, northeast, and east of the landfill on October 5; and light and moderate to strong odors east of the landfill on October 6. Odors were monitored using a Nasal Ranger olfactometer.
  • DHSS continues to recommend that during periods of objectionable odor, sensitive individuals should stay indoors as much as possible, avoid outdoor exercise, and seek medical advice for any acute symptoms. Symptoms associated with exposure to strong odors include headache, nausea, and fatigue. Symptoms generally associated with strong odors typically disappear once the odors dissipate.
Hydrogen Sulfide and Other Reduced Sulfur Compounds

Average hydrogen sulfide concentrations were well below levels of public health concern.

  • The maximum concentration of hydrogen sulfide detected was 11.4 parts per billion (ppb) during routine monitoring. Hydrogen sulfide concentrations were detected by the Jerome meter, which is highly sensitive and specific to hydrogen sulfide.
  • For one hour on October 3 at the monitoring location south of the landfill, average concentrations of reduced sulfur compounds exceeded a health-based guideline for acute exposure to hydrogen sulfide. However, these compounds detected by AreaRAE monitors are not just hydrogen sulfide but primarily another reduced sulfur compound with lower toxicity.
Sulfur Dioxide

Average sulfur dioxide concentrations were below levels of public health concern, except for several hours at one monitoring location.

  • For one hour on October 3, one hour on October 5, seven hours on October 6, and seven hours on October 7 at the monitoring location west of the landfill, average sulfur dioxide concentrations exceeded a health-based guideline for acute exposure. While exposure to this concentration of sulfur dioxide may cause irritation or other short-term symptoms, considerable dispersion is expected to reduce potential exposure levels in nearby residential areas.
Benzene and Total VOCs

Benzene was not detected in ambient air at any of the surveillance locations around the landfill during this time period.

  • Previous sampling has shown that, while several VOCs are present in the landfill source gas, benzene may be a primary VOC of public health concern. However, benzene was not detected during routine monitoring around the perimeter of the landfill.
  • Average total VOC concentrations were not at a level that indicates a need for compound-specific sampling.
Carbon Monoxide

Average carbon monoxide concentrations were well below levels of public health concern.

Radiation Rates

Gamma radiation rates were well below levels of public health concern.

  • Gamma radiation rates continue to be at levels that are at or near natural background levels.

 

Follow-Up Review of Air Sampling Data

October 24

The Department of Health and Senior Services (DHSS) has reviewed air sample data collected for the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) near Bridgeton Landfill on October 24, 2013. Samples were collected at two locations upwind of the landfill and two locations downwind of the landfill for laboratory determination of concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). DHSS has reviewed this data for evaluation of potential public health concerns of short-term health effects.

VOCs

Concentrations of VOCs were well below levels of public health concern. Downwind of the landfill, 4 VOCs were detected in ambient air, which ranged in concentration from 0.16 parts per billion (ppb) to 3.4 ppb and did not exceed health-based screening levels for acute exposure.

October 16

The Department of Health and Senior Services (DHSS) has reviewed air sample data collected for the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) near Bridgeton Landfill on October 16, 2013. Samples were collected at two locations upwind of the landfill and two locations downwind of the landfill for laboratory determination of concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). DHSS has reviewed this data for evaluation of potential public health concerns of short-term health effects.

VOCs

Concentrations of VOCs were well below levels of public health concern. Downwind of the landfill, 4 VOCs were detected in ambient air in concentrations that generally exceeded concentrations detected upwind of the landfill. VOC concentrations ranged from 0.18 parts per billion (ppb) to 3.4 ppb and did not exceed health-based screening levels for acute exposure.

October 7 - 10

The Department of Health and Senior Services (DHSS) has reviewed air quality screening data collected by the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) at Bridgeton Landfill from the afternoon of October 7 to the afternoon of October 10, 2013. On June 7, DHSS began issuing follow-up reviews of the daily air quality screening data on a twice-weekly basis.

On April 23, DNR began routine, twice daily, surveillance of hydrogen sulfide, benzene, and odor levels around the entire periphery of the landfill. In addition, DNR has provided continuous monitoring of reduced sulfur compounds (reported as hydrogen sulfide), sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and total volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at three fixed locations. DHSS has reviewed both sets of data to identify potential public health concerns for short-term health effects. Generally, samples are collected near the property boundary and dispersion is expected to reduce exposure downwind of the sample locations.

Odors

DNR reported light odors during this time period at locations north, northeast, northwest, east, southeast, and south of the landfill.

  • DNR detected light odors north, east, south and southeast of the landfill on October 7; north, northeast, and northwest of the landfill on October 8; and north, northeast, northwest, and south of the landfill on October 9. Odors were monitored using a Nasal Ranger olfactometer.
  • DHSS continues to recommend that during periods of objectionable odor, sensitive individuals should stay indoors as much as possible, avoid outdoor exercise, and seek medical advice for any acute symptoms. Symptoms associated with exposure to strong odors include headache, nausea, and fatigue. Symptoms generally associated with strong odors typically disappear once the odors dissipate.
Hydrogen Sulfide and Other Reduced Sulfur Compounds

Average hydrogen sulfide concentrations were well below levels of public health concern.

  • The maximum concentration of hydrogen sulfide detected was 6.0 parts per billion (ppb) during routine monitoring. Hydrogen sulfide concentrations were detected by the Jerome meter, which is highly sensitive and specific to hydrogen sulfide.
  • For five hours on October 8, six hours on October 9, and two hours on October 10 at the monitoring location west of the landfill, average concentrations of reduced sulfur compounds exceeded a health-based guideline for acute exposure to hydrogen sulfide. However, these compounds detected by AreaRAE monitors are not just hydrogen sulfide but primarily another reduced sulfur compound with lower toxicity.
Sulfur Dioxide

Average sulfur dioxide concentrations were below levels of public health concern, except for limited time periods at one monitoring location.

  • For two hours on October 7 and three hours on October 8 at the monitoring location west of the landfill, average sulfur dioxide concentrations exceeded a health-based guideline for acute exposure. While exposure to this concentration of sulfur dioxide may cause irritation or other short-term symptoms, considerable dispersion is expected to reduce potential exposure levels in nearby residential areas.
Benzene and Total VOCs

Benzene was not detected in ambient air at any of the surveillance locations around the landfill during this time period.

  • Previous sampling has shown that, while several VOCs are present in the landfill source gas, benzene may be a primary VOC of public health concern. However, benzene was not detected during routine monitoring around the perimeter of the landfill.
  • For four hours on October 9 at the monitoring location east of the landfill, average total VOC concentrations exceeded a level that indicates the need for compound-specific sampling.
  • Average total VOC concentrations periodically exceeded levels that indicate a need for compound-specific sampling at the monitoring locations west and south of the landfill and at other times at the monitoring location east of the landfill. However, these elevated concentrations were not verified by other AreaRAE monitors stationed in the same locations.
  • DNR is performing VOC compound-specific sampling in locations upwind and downwind of the landfill on a routine basis. The laboratory results are submitted for DHSS review of public health concerns.
Carbon Monoxide

Average carbon monoxide concentrations were well below levels of public health concern.

Radiation Rates

Gamma radiation rates were well below levels of public health concern.

  • Gamma radiation rates continue to be at levels that are at or near natural background levels.

October 9

The Department of Health and Senior Services (DHSS) has reviewed air sample data collected for the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) near Bridgeton Landfill on October 9, 2013. Samples were collected at two locations upwind of the landfill and two locations downwind of the landfill for laboratory determination of concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). DHSS has reviewed this data for evaluation of potential public health concerns of short-term health effects.

VOCs

Concentrations of VOCs were well below levels of public health concern. Downwind of the landfill, 6 VOCs were detected in ambient air, which ranged in concentration from 0.18 parts per billion (ppb) to 4.1 ppb and did not exceed health-based screening levels for acute exposure.

October 5

The Department of Health and Senior Services (DHSS) has reviewed air sample data collected for the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) near Bridgeton Landfill on October 5, 2013. Samples were collected at two locations upwind of the landfill and two locations downwind of the landfill for laboratory determination of concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). DHSS has reviewed this data for evaluation of potential public health concerns of short-term health effects.

VOCs

Concentrations of VOCs were well below levels of public health concern. Downwind of the landfill, 10 VOCs were detected in ambient air in concentrations that generally exceeded concentrations detected upwind of the landfill. VOC concentrations ranged from 0.24 parts per billion (ppb) to 10.0 ppb and did not exceed health-based screening levels for acute exposure.

September 25

The Department of Health and Senior Services (DHSS) has reviewed air sample data collected for the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) near Bridgeton Landfill on September 25, 2013. Samples were collected at two locations upwind of the landfill and two locations downwind of the landfill for laboratory determination of concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). DHSS has reviewed this data for evaluation of potential public health concerns of short-term health effects.

VOCs

Concentrations of VOCs were well below levels of public health concern. Downwind of the landfill, 10 VOCs were detected in ambient air in concentrations that generally exceeded concentrations detected upwind of the landfill. VOC concentrations ranged from 0.25 parts per billion (ppb) to 11.0 ppb and did not exceed health-based screening levels for acute exposure.

September 21

The Department of Health and Senior Services (DHSS) has reviewed air sample data collected for the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) near Bridgeton Landfill on September 21, 2013. Samples were collected at two locations upwind of the landfill and two locations downwind of the landfill for laboratory determination of concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). DHSS has reviewed this data for evaluation of potential public health concerns of short-term health effects.

VOCs

Concentrations of VOCs were well below levels of public health concern. Downwind of the landfill, 7 VOCs were detected in ambient air, which ranged in concentration from 0.18 parts per billion (ppb) to 9.3 ppb and did not exceed health-based screening levels for acute exposure.

September 12

The Department of Health and Senior Services (DHSS) has reviewed air sample data collected for the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) near Bridgeton Landfill on September 12, 2013. Samples were collected at two locations upwind of the landfill and two locations downwind of the landfill for laboratory determination of concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). DHSS has reviewed this data for evaluation of potential public health concerns of short-term health effects.

VOCs

Concentrations of VOCs were well below levels of public health concern. Downwind of the landfill, 11 VOCs were detected in ambient air in concentrations that generally exceeded concentrations detected upwind of the landfill. VOC concentrations ranged from 0.2 parts per billion (ppb) to 8.7 ppb and did not exceed health-based screening levels for short-term exposure.

September 3

The Department of Health and Senior Services (DHSS) has reviewed air sample data collected for the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) near Bridgeton Landfill on September 3, 2013. Samples were collected at two locations upwind of the landfill and two locations downwind of the landfill for laboratory determination of concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). DHSS has reviewed this data for evaluation of potential public health concerns of short-term health effects.

VOCs

Concentrations of VOCs were well below levels of public health concern. Downwind of the landfill, 4 VOCs were detected in ambient air, which ranged in concentration from 0.21 parts per billion (ppb) to 4.4 ppb and did not exceed health-based screening levels for acute exposure.