Bridgeton Landfill Air Monitoring

July 2013

Follow-Up Review of Air Monitoring Data

July 29 - August 1, 2013

The Department of Health and Senior Services (DHSS) has reviewed air quality screening data collected by the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) at Bridgeton Landfill from the afternoon of July 29 to the afternoon of August 1, 2013. On June 7, DHSS began issuing follow-up reviews of the daily air quality screening data on a twice-weekly basis.

On April 23, DNR began routine, twice daily, surveillance of hydrogen sulfide, benzene, and odor levels around the entire periphery of the landfill. In addition, DNR has provided continuous monitoring of reduced sulfur compounds (reported as hydrogen sulfide), sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and total volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at three fixed locations. DHSS has reviewed both sets of data to identify potential public health concerns for short-term health effects. Generally, samples are collected near the property boundary and dispersion is expected to reduce exposure downwind of the sample locations.

Odors

DNR reported light odors during this time period at locations northeast, northwest, south, southeast, and southwest of the landfill.

  • Winds were predominantly from the south and southwest on July 29 - July 30 and from the west and northwest on July 31 - August 1.
  • During this time period, the DNR contractor detected light odors northeast of the landfill on July 29, northwest of the landfill on July 30, and south, southeast and southwest of the landfill on July 31 using a Nasal Ranger olfactometer.
  • DHSS continues to recommend that during periods of objectionable odor, sensitive individuals should stay indoors as much as possible, avoid outdoor exercise, and seek medical advice for any acute symptoms. Symptoms associated with exposure to strong odors include headache, nausea, and fatigue. Symptoms generally associated with strong odors typically disappear once the odors dissipate.
Hydrogen Sulfide and Other Reduced Sulfur Compounds

Hydrogen sulfide concentrations were well below levels of public health concern.

  • The maximum concentration of hydrogen sulfide detected was 5.9 parts per billion (ppb) during routine monitoring. Hydrogen sulfide concentrations were detected by the Jerome meter, which is highly sensitive and specific to hydrogen sulfide.
  • During the overnight hours of July 29-30 and for one hour on August 1 at the monitoring location west of the landfill, average concentrations of reduced sulfur compounds exceeded a health-based guideline for acute exposure to hydrogen sulfide. However, these compounds detected by AreaRAE monitors are not just hydrogen sulfide but primarily another reduced sulfur compound with lower toxicity.
Sulfur Dioxide

Average sulfur dioxide concentrations were below levels of public health concern.

  • Sulfur dioxide was periodically detected at the monitoring location west of the landfill. However, average concentrations of sulfur dioxide were less than 0.01 parts per million (ppm) and did not exceed health-based guidelines for acute exposure.
Benzene and Total VOCs

Benzene was not detected in ambient air at any of the surveillance locations around the landfill.

  • Previous sampling has shown that, while several VOCs are present in the landfill source gas, benzene may be a primary VOC of public health concern.
  • At the monitoring location west of the landfill, average total VOC concentrations periodically exceeded a level that indicates a need for compound-specific sampling. However, these elevated concentrations were not verified by the other AreaRAE monitor stationed in the same location.
Carbon Monoxide

Average carbon monoxide concentrations were well below levels of public health concern.

Radiation Rates

Gamma radiation rates were well below levels of public health concern.

  • Gamma radiation rates continue to be at levels that are at or near natural background levels.

July 31, 2013

The Department of Health and Senior Services (DHSS) has reviewed air sample data collected for the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) near Bridgeton Landfill on July 31, 2013. Samples were collected at two locations upwind of the landfill and two locations downwind of the landfill for laboratory determination of concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), aldehydes, reduced sulfur compounds, and sulfur dioxide. DHSS has reviewed this data for evaluation of potential public health concerns of short-term health effects.

VOCs

Downwind of the landfill, 23 VOCs were detected in ambient air in concentrations that generally exceeded concentrations detected upwind of the landfill. VOC concentrations ranged from 0.08 parts per billion (ppb) to 19.2 ppb and did not exceed health-based screening levels for acute exposure.

Aldehydes

Concentrations of aldehydes were well below levels of public health concern. Downwind of the landfill, 1 aldehyde was detected which ranged in concentration from 0.22 ppb to 0.62 ppb and did not exceed health-based screening levels for acute exposure.

Reduced Sulfur Compounds

Reduced sulfur compounds were not detected in any of the samples. While low concentrations of hydrogen sulfide were detected by the Jerome meter in downwind locations on the same day, those concentrations were less than the detection limits of the laboratory analysis. During the 4-hour sample collection period, reduced sulfur compounds were detected by two AreaRAE monitors located in nearby downwind locations. However, AreaRAE concentrations are total reduced sulfur compound concentrations. Concentrations of individual compounds were apparently less than the detection limit of the laboratory analysis.

Sulfur Dioxide

Sulfur dioxide was not detected in any of the samples. During the 4-hour sample collection period, sulfur dioxide was also not detected by AreaRAE monitors in nearby downwind locations.

July 25 - 29, 2013

The Department of Health and Senior Services (DHSS) has reviewed air quality screening data collected by the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) at Bridgeton Landfill from the afternoon of July 25 to the afternoon of July 29, 2013. On June 7, DHSS began issuing follow-up reviews of the daily air quality screening data on a twice-weekly basis.

On April 23, DNR began routine, twice daily, surveillance of hydrogen sulfide, benzene, and odor levels around the entire periphery of the landfill. In addition, DNR has provided continuous monitoring of reduced sulfur compounds (reported as hydrogen sulfide), sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and total volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at three fixed locations. DHSS has reviewed both sets of data to identify potential public health concerns for short-term health effects. Generally, samples are collected near the property boundary and dispersion is expected to reduce exposure downwind of the sample locations.

Odors

DNR reported light and moderate to strong odors during this time period at locations east, north, south, northeast, and southeast of the landfill.

  • Winds were predominantly from the south and southeast until July 26, northwest and east on July 27, and southwest on July 28 and July 29.
  • During this time period, the DNR contractor detected light odors east, north, and northeast of the landfill on July 26, strong odors south and east of the landfill on July 27, light odors east and northeast of the landfill on July 28, and light odors south of the landfill on July 29 using a Nasal Ranger olfactometer.
  • DHSS continues to recommend that during periods of objectionable odor, sensitive individuals should stay indoors as much as possible, avoid outdoor exercise, and seek medical advice for any acute symptoms. Symptoms associated with exposure to strong odors include headache, nausea, and fatigue. Symptoms generally associated with strong odors typically disappear once the odors dissipate.
Hydrogen Sulfide and Other Reduced Sulfur Compounds

Hydrogen sulfide concentrations were well below levels of public health concern.

  • The maximum concentration of hydrogen sulfide detected was 10 parts per billion (ppb) during routine monitoring. Hydrogen sulfide concentrations were detected by the Jerome meter, which is highly sensitive and specific to hydrogen sulfide.
  • Average concentrations of reduced sulfur compounds did not exceed health-based guidelines for acute exposure to hydrogen sulfide, except for one hour on July 28 south of the landfill. These compounds detected by AreaRAE monitors are not just hydrogen sulfide but primarily another reduced sulfur compound with lower toxicity.
Sulfur Dioxide

Average sulfur dioxide concentrations were below levels of public health concern.

  • Sulfur dioxide was detected at monitoring locations east and west of the landfill. However, average concentrations of sulfur dioxide did not exceed 0.01 parts per million (ppm) and did not exceed health-based guidelines for acute exposure.
Benzene and Total VOCs

Benzene was not detected in ambient air at any of the surveillance locations around the landfill.

  • Previous sampling has shown that, while several VOCs are present in the landfill source gas, benzene may be a primary VOC of public health concern.
  • At monitoring locations east and west of the landfill, average total VOC concentrations periodically exceeded a level that indicates a need for compound-specific sampling. However, these elevated concentrations were not verified by other AreaRAE monitors stationed in the same locations.
Carbon Monoxide

Average carbon monoxide concentrations were well below levels of public health concern.

Radiation Rates

Gamma radiation rates were well below levels of public health concern.

  • Gamma radiation rates continue to be at levels that are at or near natural background levels.

July 22 - 25, 2013

The Department of Health and Senior Services (DHSS) has reviewed air quality screening data collected by the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) at Bridgeton Landfill from the afternoon of July 22 to the afternoon of July 25, 2013. On June 7, DHSS began issuing follow-up reviews of the daily air quality screening data on a twice-weekly basis.

On April 23, DNR began routine, twice daily, surveillance of hydrogen sulfide, benzene, and odor levels around the entire periphery of the landfill. In addition, DNR has provided continuous monitoring of reduced sulfur compounds (reported as hydrogen sulfide), sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and total volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at three fixed locations. DHSS has reviewed both sets of data to identify potential public health concerns for short-term health effects. Generally, samples are collected near the property boundary and dispersion is expected to reduce exposure downwind of the sample locations.

Odors

DNR reported light and moderate odors during this time period at locations east, south, and southwest of the landfill.

  • Winds were predominantly from the south and southwest until July 22 and from the east, northeast, and southeast until July 25.
  • During this time period, the DNR contractor detected light and moderate odors east and south of the landfill on July 23, light odors south and southwest of the landfill on July 24, and light to moderate odors south of the landfill on July 25 using a Nasal Ranger olfactometer.
  • DHSS continues to recommend that during periods of objectionable odor, sensitive individuals should stay indoors as much as possible, avoid outdoor exercise, and seek medical advice for any acute symptoms. Symptoms associated with exposure to strong odors include headache, nausea, and fatigue. Symptoms generally associated with strong odors typically disappear once the odors dissipate.
Hydrogen Sulfide and Other Reduced Sulfur Compounds

Hydrogen sulfide concentrations were well below levels of public health concern.

  • The maximum concentration of hydrogen sulfide detected was 8.1 parts per billion (ppb) during routine monitoring. Hydrogen sulfide concentrations were detected by the Jerome meter, which is highly sensitive and specific to hydrogen sulfide.
  • Average concentrations of reduced sulfur compounds did not exceed health-based guidelines for acute exposure to hydrogen sulfide. These compounds detected by AreaRAE monitors are not just hydrogen sulfide but primarily another reduced sulfur compound with lower toxicity.
Sulfur Dioxide

Average sulfur dioxide concentrations were below levels of public health concern, except for limited time periods at two monitoring locations near the landfill.

  • On July 22, average sulfur dioxide concentrations periodically exceeded a health-based guideline for acute exposure at monitoring locations east and west of the landfill. For two hours, the average concentration was 0.02 parts per million (ppm) west of the landfill. For three hours, the average concentration was 0.02 ppm east of the landfill.
  • On July 23, average sulfur dioxide concentrations periodically exceeded a health-based guideline for acute exposure at monitoring locations east and west of the landfill. For six hours, the average concentration was 0.02 ppm west of the landfill. For six hours, the average concentration was 0.02 ppm east of the landfill.
  • On July 24, average sulfur dioxide concentrations periodically exceeded a health-based guideline for acute exposure at monitoring locations east and west of the landfill. For six hours, average concentrations ranged from 0.02 to 0.03 ppm west of the landfill. For one hour, the average concentration was 0.02 ppm east of the landfill.
  • While exposure to these concentrations of sulfur dioxide may cause irritation or other short-term symptoms, considerable dispersion is expected to reduce potential exposure levels at nearby residential areas
Benzene and Total VOCs

Benzene was not detected in ambient air at any of the surveillance locations around the landfill.

  • Previous sampling has shown that, while several VOCs are present in the landfill source gas, benzene may be a primary VOC of public health concern.
  • At monitoring locations south, east, and west of the landfill, average total VOC concentrations periodically exceeded a level that indicates a need for compound-specific sampling. However, these elevated concentrations were not verified by other AreaRAE monitors stationed in the same locations.
Carbon Monoxide

Average carbon monoxide concentrations were well below levels of public health concern.

Radiation Rates

Gamma radiation rates were well below levels of public health concern.

  • Gamma radiation rates continue to be at levels that are at or near natural background levels.

July 24, 2013

The Department of Health and Senior Services (DHSS) has reviewed air sample data collected for the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) near Bridgeton Landfill on July 24, 2013. Samples were collected at one location upwind of the landfill and three locations downwind of the landfill for laboratory determination of concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), aldehydes, reduced sulfur compounds, and sulfur dioxide. DHSS has reviewed this data for evaluation of potential public health concerns of short-term health effects.

VOCs

Downwind of the landfill, 24 VOCs were detected in ambient air in concentrations that generally exceeded concentrations detected upwind of the landfill. VOC concentrations ranged from 0.09 parts per billion (ppb) to 24.5 ppb and did not exceed health-based screening levels for acute exposure.

Aldehydes

Concentrations of aldehydes were well below levels of public health concern. Downwind of the landfill, 6 aldehydes were detected which ranged in concentration from 0.07 ppb to 1.89 ppb and did not exceed health-based screening levels for acute exposure.

Reduced Sulfur Compounds

Reduced sulfur compounds were not detected in any of the samples. While low concentrations of hydrogen sulfide were detected by the Jerome meter in downwind locations on the same day, those concentrations were less than the detection limits of the laboratory analysis. During the 4-hour sample collection period, reduced sulfur compounds were detected by one AreaRAE monitor located in a nearby downwind location. However, AreaRAE concentrations are total reduced sulfur compound concentrations. Concentrations of individual compounds were apparently less than the detection limit of the laboratory analysis.

Sulfur Dioxide
Sulfur dioxide was not detected in any of the samples. During the 4-hour sample collection period, sulfur dioxide was also not detected by AreaRAE monitors in nearby downwind locations.

July 19, 2013

The Department of Health and Senior Services (DHSS) has reviewed air sample data collected for the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) near Bridgeton Landfill on July 19, 2013. Samples were collected at two locations upwind of the landfill and two locations downwind of the landfill for laboratory determination of concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), aldehydes, reduced sulfur compounds, and sulfur dioxide. DHSS has reviewed this data for evaluation of potential public health concerns of short-term health effects.

VOCs

Concentrations of VOCs were well below levels of public health concern. Downwind of the landfill, 22 VOCs were detected in ambient air in concentrations that generally exceeded concentrations detected upwind of the landfill. However, these concentrations, which ranged from 0.11 parts per billion (ppb) to 25 ppb, did not exceed health-based screening levels for acute exposure.

Aldehydes

Concentrations of aldehydes were well below levels of public health concern. Downwind of the landfill, 9 aldehydes were detected which ranged in concentration from 0.12 ppb to 3.46 ppb and did not exceed health-based screening levels for acute exposure.

Reduced Sulfur Compounds

Reduced sulfur compounds were not detected in any of the samples. While low concentrations of hydrogen sulfide were detected by the Jerome meter in downwind locations on the same day, those concentrations were less than the detection limits of the laboratory analysis. During the 4-hour sample collection period, reduced sulfur compounds were detected by one AreaRAE monitor located in a nearby downwind location. However, AreaRAE concentrations are total reduced sulfur compound concentrations. Concentrations of individual compounds were apparently less than the detection limit of the laboratory analysis.

Sulfur Dioxide

Sulfur dioxide was not detected in any of the samples. During the 4-hour sample collection period, sulfur dioxide was detected by one AreaRAE monitor located in a nearby downwind location. However, the average concentration detected was less than the detection limit of the laboratory analysis for sulfur dioxide.

July 18 - 22, 2013

The Department of Health and Senior Services (DHSS) has reviewed air quality screening data collected by the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) at Bridgeton Landfill from the afternoon of July 18 to the afternoon of July 22, 2013. On June 7, DHSS began issuing follow-up reviews of the daily air quality screening data on a twice-weekly basis.

On April 23, DNR began routine, twice daily, surveillance of hydrogen sulfide, benzene, and odor levels around the entire periphery of the landfill. In addition, DNR has provided continuous monitoring of reduced sulfur compounds (reported as hydrogen sulfide), sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and total volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at three fixed locations. DHSS has reviewed both sets of data to identify potential public health concerns for short-term health effects. Generally, samples are collected near the property boundary and dispersion is expected to reduce exposure downwind of the sample locations.

Odors

DNR reported light and moderate to strong odors during this time period at locations east, northeast, and south of the landfill.

  • Winds were predominantly from the south and southwest.
  • During this time period, the DNR contractor detected light to moderate odors east and northeast of the landfill on July 19, moderate to strong odors east, northeast, and south of the landfill on July 20, and light odors east and northeast of the landfill on July 21 and July 22 using a Nasal Ranger olfactometer.
  • DHSS continues to recommend that during periods of objectionable odor, sensitive individuals should stay indoors as much as possible, avoid outdoor exercise, and seek medical advice for any acute symptoms. Symptoms associated with exposure to strong odors include headache, nausea, and fatigue. Symptoms generally associated with strong odors typically disappear once the odors dissipate.
Hydrogen Sulfide and Other Reduced Sulfur Compounds

Hydrogen sulfide concentrations were well below levels of public health concern.

  • The maximum concentration of hydrogen sulfide detected was 9.3 parts per billion (ppb) during routine monitoring. Hydrogen sulfide concentrations were detected by the Jerome meter, which is highly sensitive and specific to hydrogen sulfide.
  • Average concentrations of reduced sulfur compounds did not exceed health-based guidelines for acute exposure to hydrogen sulfide. These compounds detected by AreaRAE monitors are not just hydrogen sulfide but primarily another reduced sulfur compound with lower toxicity.
Sulfur Dioxide

Average sulfur dioxide concentrations were below levels of public health concern, except for several hours at two monitoring locations near the landfill.

  • On July 19, average sulfur dioxide concentrations periodically exceeded a health-based guideline for acute exposure at monitoring locations east and west of the landfill. For five hours, average concentrations ranged from 0.02 to 0.03 parts per million (ppm) west of the landfill. For twelve hours, average concentrations ranged from 0.02 to 0.04 ppm east of the landfill.
  • On July 20, average sulfur dioxide concentrations periodically exceeded a health-based guideline for acute exposure at monitoring locations east and west of the landfill. For four hours, the average concentration was 0.02 ppm west of the landfill. For seven hours, the average concentration was 0.02 ppm east of the landfill.
  • On July 21, average sulfur dioxide concentrations periodically exceeded a health-based guideline for acute exposure at monitoring locations east and west of the landfill. For twelve hours, the average concentration was 0.02 ppm west of the landfill. For four hours, the average concentration was 0.02 ppm east of the landfill.
  • On July 22, average sulfur dioxide concentrations periodically exceeded a health-based guideline for acute exposure at monitoring locations east and west of the landfill. For nine hours, average concentrations ranged from 0.02 to 0.05 ppm west of the landfill. For two hours, the average concentration was 0.02 ppm east of the landfill.
  • While exposure to these concentrations of sulfur dioxide may cause irritation or other short-term symptoms, considerable dispersion is expected to reduce potential exposure levels at nearby residential areas.
Benzene and Total VOCs

Benzene was not detected in ambient air at any of the surveillance locations around the landfill.

  • Previous sampling has shown that, while several VOCs are present in the landfill source gas, benzene may be a primary VOC of public health concern.
  • At monitoring locations west and south of the landfill, average total VOC concentrations periodically exceeded a level that indicates a need for compound-specific sampling. However, these elevated concentrations were not verified by other AreaRAE monitors stationed in the same locations.
Carbon Monoxide

Average carbon monoxide concentrations were well below levels of public health concern.

Radiation Rates

Gamma radiation rates were well below levels of public health concern.

  • Gamma radiation rates continue to be at levels that are at or near natural background levels.

July 15 - 18, 2013

The Department of Health and Senior Services (DHSS) has reviewed air quality screening data collected by the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) at Bridgeton Landfill from the afternoon of July 15 to the afternoon of July 18, 2013. On June 7, DHSS began issuing follow-up reviews of the daily air quality screening data on a twice-weekly basis.

On April 23, DNR began routine, twice daily, surveillance of hydrogen sulfide, benzene, and odor levels around the entire periphery of the landfill. In addition, DNR has provided continuous monitoring of reduced sulfur compounds (reported as hydrogen sulfide), sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and total volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at three fixed locations. DHSS has reviewed both sets of data to identify potential public health concerns for short-term health effects. Generally, samples are collected near the property boundary and dispersion is expected to reduce exposure downwind of the sample locations.

Odors

DNR reported primarily light odors during this time period at locations north, west, and southwest of the landfill.

  • Winds were predominantly from the south and southeast the afternoon of July 15 and from the south and southwest from July 16 through the morning of July 18.
  • During this time period, the DNR contractor detected moderate odors north of the landfill on July 18, and only low odors at other locations surrounding the landfill using a Nasal Ranger olfactometer.
  • DHSS continues to recommend that during periods of objectionable odor, sensitive individuals should stay indoors as much as possible, avoid outdoor exercise, and seek medical advice for any acute symptoms. Symptoms associated with exposure to strong odors include headache, nausea, and fatigue. Symptoms generally associated with strong odors typically disappear once the odors dissipate.
Hydrogen Sulfide and Other Reduced Sulfur Compounds

Hydrogen sulfide concentrations were well below levels of public health concern.

  • The maximum concentration of hydrogen sulfide detected was 9.7 parts per billion (ppb) during routine monitoring. Hydrogen sulfide concentrations were detected by the Jerome meter, which is highly sensitive and specific to hydrogen sulfide.
  • For four hours on July 17 at the AreaRAE monitoring location east of the landfill, average concentrations of reduced sulfur compounds exceeded a health-based guideline for acute exposure to hydrogen sulfide. These compounds detected by AreaRAE monitors are not just hydrogen sulfide but primarily another reduced sulfur compound with lower toxicity.
Sulfur Dioxide

Average sulfur dioxide concentrations were below levels of public health concern, except for a limited time at one monitoring location near the landfill.

  • For one hour on July 17 and seven hours on July 18, average concentrations of sulfur dioxide at the monitoring location west of the landfill were 0.02-0.04 parts per million (ppm) and exceeded a health-based guideline for acute exposure.
  • While exposure to these concentrations of sulfur dioxide may cause irritation or other short-term symptoms, considerable dispersion is expected to reduce potential exposure levels at nearby residential areas.
Benzene and Total VOCs

Benzene was not detected in ambient air at any of the surveillance locations around the landfill.

  • Previous sampling has shown that, while several VOCs are present in the landfill source gas, benzene may be a primary VOC of public health concern.
  • Average total VOC concentrations were not at a level that indicates a need for compound-specific sampling.
Carbon Monoxide

Average carbon monoxide concentrations were well below levels of public health concern.

Radiation Rates

Gamma radiation rates were well below levels of public health concern.

  • Gamma radiation rates continue to be at levels that are at or near natural background levels.

July 11 - 15, 2013

The Department of Health and Senior Services (DHSS) has reviewed air quality screening data collected by the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) at Bridgeton Landfill from the afternoon of July 11 to the afternoon of July 15, 2013. On June 7, DHSS began issuing follow-up reviews of the daily air quality screening data on a twice-weekly basis.

On April 23, DNR began routine, twice daily, surveillance of hydrogen sulfide, benzene, and odor levels around the entire periphery of the landfill. In addition, DNR has provided continuous monitoring of reduced sulfur compounds (reported as hydrogen sulfide), sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and total volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at three fixed locations. DHSS has reviewed both sets of data to identify potential public health concerns for short-term health effects. Generally, samples are collected near the property boundary and dispersion is expected to reduce exposure downwind of the sample locations.

Odors

DNR reported primarily light odors during this time period at locations south, southwest, and west of the landfill.

  • Winds were predominantly from the east, northeast, and southeast the afternoon of July 11; from the east and southeast on July 12; from the east, south, and southeast on July 13; from the south and southeast on July 14; and from the south, southeast, and southwest the morning of July 15.
  • The DNR contractor detected moderate odors south and southwest of the landfill on July 11, 12, and 14, and only low odors at other locations surrounding the landfill using a Nasal Ranger olfactometer.
  • DHSS continues to recommend that during periods of objectionable odor, sensitive individuals should stay indoors as much as possible, avoid outdoor exercise, and seek medical advice for any acute symptoms. Symptoms associated with exposure to strong odors include headache, nausea, and fatigue. Symptoms generally associated with strong odors typically disappear once the odors dissipate.
Hydrogen Sulfide and Other Reduced Sulfur Compounds

Hydrogen sulfide concentrations were well below levels of public health concern.

  • The maximum concentration of hydrogen sulfide detected was 8.3 parts per billion (ppb) during routine monitoring. Hydrogen sulfide concentrations were detected by the Jerome meter, which is highly sensitive and specific to hydrogen sulfide.
  • For three hours on July 11 and five hours each on July 12, 13, and 14 at the AreaRAE monitoring location west of the landfill, and four hours each on July 11 and 12, and two hours on July 13 at the AreaRAE monitoring location east of the landfill, average concentrations of reduced sulfur compounds exceeded a health-based guideline for acute exposure to hydrogen sulfide. These compounds detected by AreaRAE monitors are not just hydrogen sulfide but primarily another reduced sulfur compound with lower toxicity.
Sulfur Dioxide

Average sulfur dioxide concentrations were below levels of public health concern, except for a limited time period at one monitoring location near the landfill.

  • For a fifteen hour period on July 11 and 12, average concentrations of sulfur dioxide at the monitoring location west of the landfill were 0.03-0.12 parts per million (ppm) and exceeded a health-based guideline for acute exposure. However, these elevated concentrations were not confirmed by a second measurement of sulfur dioxide concentrations taken by field staff the morning of July 12.
  • While exposure to these concentrations of sulfur dioxide may cause irritation or other short-term symptoms, considerable dispersion is expected to reduce potential exposure levels at nearby residential areas.
Benzene and Total VOCs

Benzene was not detected in ambient air at any of the surveillance locations around the landfill.

  • Previous sampling has shown that, while several VOCs are present in the landfill source gas, benzene may be a primary VOC of public health concern.
  • For one hour on July 12 at the monitoring location west of the landfill, the average total VOC concentration slightly exceeded a level that indicates the need for compound-specific sampling. However, this elevated concentration was not verified by the other AreaRAE monitor stationed at the same location.
  • DNR is performing VOC compound-specific sampling in locations upwind and downwind of the landfill on a routine basis. The laboratory results are submitted for DHSS review of public health concerns.
Carbon Monoxide

Average carbon monoxide concentrations were well below levels of public health concern.

Radiation Rates

Gamma radiation rates were well below levels of public health concern.

  • Gamma radiation rates continue to be at levels that are at or near natural background levels.

July 11, 2013 DHSS Review of Air Sample Data from the Bridgeton Landfill Area

The Department of Health and Senior Services (DHSS) has reviewed air sample data collected for the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) near Bridgeton Landfill on July 11, 2013. Samples were collected at one location upwind of the landfill and three locations downwind of the landfill for laboratory determination of concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), aldehydes, reduced sulfur compounds, and sulfur dioxide. DHSS has reviewed this data for evaluation of potential public health concerns of short-term health effects.

VOCs

Downwind of the landfill, 27 VOCs were detected in ambient air in concentrations that generally exceeded concentrations detected upwind of the landfill. VOC concentrations ranged from 0.11 parts per billion (ppb) to 32.5 ppb and did not exceed health-based screening levels for acute exposure, except for one benzene concentration of 32.5 ppb. This one 4-hour sample exceeded a health-based screening level for acute exposures lasting up to two weeks (9 ppb). Concentrations that exceed this screening level may cause eye/nose/throat irritation or immunological effects. However, it should be noted that concentrations above a screening level do not necessarily identify a public health risk is present but that further investigation is warranted. While this concentration of benzene was above the acute screening level for exposures lasting up to two weeks, it did not exceed the acute screening level for benzene protective for exposures lasting up to six hours (400 ppb). Additionally, the sample was collected near the landfill property line and dispersion is expected to reduce exposure downwind of the sample location. It should also be noted that this sample was collected near an automotive shop which may have contributed to the detection of benzene and the other two downwind air samples collected did not show a concentration of benzene above an acute screening level. Benzene was also not detected in nearby locations during routine surveillance with a meter that is highly sensitive and specific to benzene.

Aldehydes

Concentrations of aldehydes were well below levels of public health concern. Downwind of the landfill, 7 aldehydes were detected which ranged in concentration from 0.095 ppb to 1.63 ppb and did not exceed health-based screening levels for acute exposure.

Reduced Sulfur Compounds

Reduced sulfur compounds were not detected in any of the samples. While low concentrations of hydrogen sulfide were detected by the Jerome meter in downwind locations on the same day, those concentrations were less than the detection limits of the laboratory analysis. During the 4-hour sample collection period, reduced sulfur compounds were detected by one AreaRAE monitor located in a nearby downwind location. However, AreaRAE concentrations are total reduced sulfur compound concentrations. Concentrations of individual compounds were apparently less than the detection limit of the laboratory analysis.

Sulfur Dioxide

Sulfur dioxide was not detected in any of the samples. During the 4-hour sample collection period, sulfur dioxide was also not detected by AreaRAE monitors in nearby downwind locations.

July 8 -11, 2013

The Department of Health and Senior Services (DHSS) has reviewed air quality screening data collected by the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) at Bridgeton Landfill from the afternoon of July 8 to the afternoon of July 11, 2013. On June 7, DHSS began issuing follow-up reviews of the daily air quality screening data on a twice-weekly basis.

On April 23, DNR began routine, twice daily, surveillance of hydrogen sulfide, benzene, and odor levels around the entire periphery of the landfill. In addition, DNR has provided continuous monitoring of reduced sulfur compounds (reported as hydrogen sulfide), sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and total volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at three fixed locations. DHSS has reviewed both sets of data to identify potential public health concerns for short-term health effects. Generally, samples are collected near the property boundary and dispersion is expected to reduce exposure downwind of the sample locations.

Odors

DNR reported light odors during this time period at locations south, southwest, and east of the landfill, with moderate to strong odors reported for a short time period on July 11 southwest of the landfill.

  • Winds were predominantly from the south and southwest on July 8 and 9; from the south, southwest, and northwest on July 10; and from the south, southeast, and northeast on July 11.
  • The DNR contractor detected light odors east of the landfill on July 8 and July 9; light odors south, southwest, and east of the landfill on July 10; and light to strong odors south and southwest of the landfill on July 11 using a Nasal Ranger olfactometer.
  • DHSS continues to recommend that during periods of objectionable odor, sensitive individuals should stay indoors as much as possible, avoid outdoor exercise, and seek medical advice for any acute symptoms. Symptoms associated with exposure to strong odors include headache, nausea, and fatigue. Symptoms generally associated with strong odors typically disappear once the odors dissipate.
Hydrogen Sulfide and Other Reduced Sulfur Compounds

Hydrogen sulfide concentrations were well below levels of public health concern.

  • The maximum concentration of hydrogen sulfide detected was 7.5 parts per billion (ppb) during routine monitoring. Hydrogen sulfide concentrations were detected by the Jerome meter, which is highly sensitive and specific to hydrogen sulfide.
  • For three hours on July 8 and four hours on July 10 at the AreaRAE monitoring location west of the landfill, and one hour on July 9 and six hours on July 10 at the AreaRAE monitoring location east of the landfill, average concentrations of reduced sulfur compounds exceeded a health-based guideline for acute exposure to hydrogen sulfide. These compounds detected by AreaRAE monitors are not just hydrogen sulfide but primarily another reduced sulfur compound with lower toxicity.
Sulfur Dioxide

Average sulfur dioxide concentrations were below levels of public health concern.

  • Sulfur dioxide was periodically detected at the monitoring locations west and east of the landfill. However, average concentrations were below 0.01 parts per million (ppm) and did not exceed health-based guidelines for acute exposure.
Benzene and Total VOCs

Benzene was not detected in ambient air at any of the surveillance locations around the landfill.

  • Previous sampling has shown that, while several VOCs are present in the landfill source gas, benzene may be a primary VOC of public health concern.
  • Average total VOC concentrations were not at a level that indicates a need for compound-specific sampling.
Carbon Monoxide

Average carbon monoxide concentrations were well below levels of public health concern.

Radiation Rates

Gamma radiation rates were well below levels of public health concern.

  • Gamma radiation rates continue to be at levels that are at or near natural background levels.

July 5, 2013 DHSS Review of Air Sample Data from the Bridgeton Landfill Area

The Department of Health and Senior Services (DHSS) has reviewed air sample data collected for the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) near Bridgeton Landfill on July 5, 2013. Samples were collected at two locations upwind of the landfill and two locations downwind of the landfill for laboratory determination of concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), aldehydes, reduced sulfur compounds, and sulfur dioxide. DHSS has reviewed this data for evaluation of potential public health concerns of short-term health effects.

VOCs

Concentrations of VOCs were well below levels of public health concern. Downwind of the landfill, 17 VOCs were detected in ambient air in concentrations that generally exceeded concentrations detected upwind of the landfill. However, these concentrations, which ranged from 0.08 parts per billion (ppb) to 24.4 ppb, did not exceed health-based screening levels for acute exposure.

Aldehydes

Concentrations of aldehydes were well below levels of public health concern. Downwind of the landfill, 6 aldehydes were detected which ranged in concentration from 0.166 ppb to 1.61 ppb and did not exceed health-based screening levels for acute exposure.

Reduced Sulfur Compounds

Reduced sulfur compounds were not detected in any of the samples. While low concentrations of hydrogen sulfide were detected by the Jerome meter in downwind locations on the same day, those concentrations were less than the detection limits of the laboratory analysis. During the 4-hour sample collection period, reduced sulfur compounds were also not detected by the AreaRAE monitor located in a nearby downwind location.

Sulfur Dioxide

Sulfur dioxide was detected in one of the upwind samples collected southwest of the landfill. Sulfur dioxide was not detected in the other upwind sampling location or by nearby AreaRAE monitors during the 4-hour sample collection period. The concentration detected (41.1 ppb) exceeded a health-based guideline for acute exposure lasting up to two weeks (10 ppb). Concentrations that exceed this screening level may cause irritation or respiratory effects in asthmatics or other sensitive individuals. However, it should be noted that concentrations above a screening level do not necessarily identify a public health risk is present, but that further investigation is warranted. While this concentration of sulfur dioxide was above the acute screening level for exposures lasting up to two weeks, it did not exceed the acute screening level for sulfur dioxide protective for exposures lasting up to eight hours (200 ppb) or the 1-hour or 3-hour National Ambient Air Quality Standards (75 ppb and 500 ppb, respectively).

July 1-8, 2013

The Department of Health and Senior Services (DHSS) has reviewed air quality screening data collected by the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) at Bridgeton Landfill from the afternoon of July 1 to the afternoon of July 8, 2013. On June 7, DHSS began issuing follow-up reviews of the daily air quality screening data on a twice-weekly basis. The data for this review was compiled on July 8 rather than July 4 (Independence Day), when construction activity at the landfill was not being performed due to the holiday.

On April 23, DNR began routine, twice daily, surveillance of hydrogen sulfide, benzene, and odor levels around the entire periphery of the landfill. In addition, DNR has provided continuous monitoring of reduced sulfur compounds (reported as hydrogen sulfide), sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and total volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at three fixed locations. DHSS has reviewed both sets of data to identify potential public health concerns for short-term health effects. Generally, samples are collected near the property boundary and dispersion is expected to reduce exposure downwind of the sample locations.

Odors

DNR reported only light odors during this time period, primarily at locations north, south, and east of the landfill.

  • Winds were predominantly from the south, southwest, and southeast.
  • The DNR contractor detected mild odors south of the landfill on July 1 and July 2; light odors east and northeast of the landfill on July 3; light odors east, northeast, and north of the landfill on July 4; light odors south of the landfill on July 5; light odors northeast of the landfill on July 6 and July 7; and light odors north and northeast of the landfill on July 8 using a Nasal Ranger olfactometer.
  • DHSS continues to recommend that during periods of objectionable odor, sensitive individuals should stay indoors as much as possible, avoid outdoor exercise, and seek medical advice for any acute symptoms. Symptoms associated with exposure to strong odors include headache, nausea, and fatigue. Symptoms generally associated with strong odors typically disappear once the odors dissipate.
Hydrogen Sulfide and Other Reduced Sulfur Compounds

Hydrogen sulfide concentrations were well below levels of public health concern.

  • The maximum concentration of hydrogen sulfide detected was 9.8 parts per billion (ppb) during routine monitoring. Hydrogen sulfide concentrations were detected by the Jerome meter, which is highly sensitive and specific to hydrogen sulfide.
  • For four hours on July 6, ten hours on July 7, and 2 hours on July 8 at the AreaRAE monitoring location west of the landfill, average concentrations of reduced sulfur compounds exceeded a health-based guideline for acute exposure to hydrogen sulfide. These compounds detected by AreaRAE monitors are not just hydrogen sulfide but primarily another reduced sulfur compound with lower toxicity.
Sulfur Dioxide

Average sulfur dioxide concentrations were below levels of public health concern, except for a limited time period at one monitoring location near the landfill.

  • For three hours on July 4, the average concentration of sulfur dioxide at the monitoring location west of the landfill was 0.02-0.05 parts per million (ppm) and exceeded a health-based guideline for acute exposure.
  • While exposure to this concentration of sulfur dioxide may cause irritation or other short-term symptoms, considerable dispersion is expected to reduce potential exposure levels at nearby residential areas.
Benzene and Total VOCs

Benzene was not detected in ambient air at any of the surveillance locations around the landfill.

  • Previous sampling has shown that, while several VOCs are present in the landfill source gas, benzene may be a primary VOC of public health concern.
  • For two hours on July 2 at the monitoring location east of the landfill, average total VOC concentrations slightly exceeded a level that indicates the need for compound-specific sampling.
  • Average total VOC concentrations periodically exceeded levels that indicate a need for compound-specific sampling at other times at monitoring locations east and south of the landfill. However, these elevated concentrations were not verified by other AreaRAE monitors stationed in the same locations.
  • DNR is performing VOC compound-specific sampling in locations upwind and downwind of the landfill on a routine basis. The laboratory results are submitted for DHSS review of public health concerns.
Carbon Monoxide

Average carbon monoxide concentrations were well below levels of public health concern.
Radiation Rates

Gamma radiation rates were well below levels of public health concern.

  • Gamma radiation rates continue to be at levels that are at or near natural background levels.