Statistical Measures

Ratios, Proportions, Rates

Examples

x included in y:
Based on the same data, here is the method for calculating the proportion of EMS cases that were male.

1.	Define x and y:		x = cases in males
			y = all cases
2.	Identify x and y:		x = 175
			y = 1,068
3.	Set up the ratio x/y:		175/1,068
4.	Reduce the fraction so that one value equals 1. Divide the smaller number by the larger number: 175/1,068 = 0.16/1
5.	Proportions are usually expressed as percentages, so the value of the constant (10n) = 102 = 100:
	0.16 x 100 = 16 (16%)
Thus, 16% of the reported EMS cases were in males.